RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar o inventário do ecótipo Gurgueia no Estado do Piauí, na região Nordeste do Brasil. O inventário compreendeu o levantamento histórico, com busca em literaturas, e o populacional feito a partir de visitas in loco nos rebanhos. Foi tomado em cada rebanho a localização geográfica por meio o por GPS e contagem dos animais com padrão fenotípico Gurgueia para classifica-la quanto ao risco de extinção. Observou-se a presença dos caracteres barba, chifres, brincos, os padrões de cor ruão, agouti e chocolate, e a presença de orelha reduzida que foram submetidos à análise descritivas simples. A literatura regional consultada não apresentou consistência sobre a origem do caprino Gurgueia no Piauí, mas indicaram que rebanhos instalados no vale do rio Gurgueia no Sul do Piauí, deram origem aos hoje classificados como Gurgueia. No estudo, houve a confirmação de poucos exemplares, apenas 119, dispersos em três microrregiões revelando que grupo genético Gurgueia está em situação crítica de desaparecimento. Nestes animais, observa-se alta frequência da ausência de brincos e do caráter presença de chifre (0,95). A frequência de barba foi de 0,52 e não houve ocorrência de pelos longos, indicando ausência da relação entre esses caracteres. O caráter ruão (0,96), a pelagem chocolate e padrão não-agouti (cor única) não estiveram presentes assim como a presença de orelha reduzida. O estudo pode apontar também que os caprinos Gurgueia apresentam-se em situação instável, já que a sua presença nos rebanhos está associada a outros tipos raciais.

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to conduct the inventory of goat breed Gurgueia in the state of Piauí, Northeast region of Brazil. The inventory includes a historical survey - made by searching in the literature - and a population survey - made by gathering in loco information. The geographic location through GPS was taken in farms sheltering Gurgueia goats and then individuals Gurgueia were counted to estimate population size and classifying the risk of extinction. To characterize the Gurgueia breed, the presence of beard, horns, earrings, patterns of color roan, agouti and brown, and the presence of reduced ear were observed to perform simple descriptive analysis. The regional literature demonstrates lack of consistency about the origin of the Gurgueia breed. However, flocks of goats in the Gurgueia river valley, in Southern Piauí, gave origin to the breed denomination. The present study found out 119 Gurgueia individuals scattered in three micro-regions - classifying the Gurgueia breed as critically endangered. The morphological analysis shows low frequency of earrings (0,05) and high frequency of horn (0.95) in Gurgéia individuals. The beard frequency was 0.52 and was verified absence of long hairs, indicating no relationship between those. The analysis showed high frequency of roan pattern (0.96), absence of brown and single coat pattern (non-agouti). Reduced ear was absent. This inventory appointed that Gurgueia risk of endangerment is unstable, since its presence within herds is mixed with other breed types.

ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a divergência nutricional de cascas de vagens de 25 genótipos de feijão-fava para alimentação de ruminantes, considerando-se a composição química, características de fermentação e cinética de degradaçãoin situ no rúmen. Os constituintes químicos foram considerados variáveis discriminatórias em uma primeira análise, enquanto os parâmetros de cinética de degradação ruminal e a degradação efetiva (DE 2%h-1) da matéria seca foram considerados na segunda análise. Utilizou-se o método de otimização de Tocher, adotando-se a matriz de “distâncias euclidiana” média dos caracteres para avaliar a dissimilaridade entre os genótipos. Constatou-se a formação de sete grupos heterogêneos, destacando-se a fibra em detergente ácido e proteína bruta como as variáveis mais impactantes para agrupamento na primeira análise, contribuindo com 41,7 e 29,3%, respectivamente, enquanto, na segunda análise, a fração solúvel (fração a) e a taxa de degradação da fração b participaram em 38,7 e 28,0%, respectivamente. Os constituintes químicos PB e FDA e os parâmetros de cinética de degradação ruminal fração solúvel (fração a), taxa de degradação (c) e fração potencialmente degradável (fração b)da MS, mostram-se eficientes para conhecimento da divergência nutricional de cascas de vagens de genótipos de feijão-fava, com base em análise multivariada. Considerando-se os parâmetros adotados para a formação de agrupamentos pelo método de Tocher, o genótipo de feijão-fava 123 apresenta boa degradação efetiva e taxa de degradação compatível com a de forragens tropicais além de melhor valor nutritivo e potencial forrageiro que a casca dos demais genótipos de feijão-fava.

AbstractThis research aimed to evaluate the nutritional divergence of twenty-five genotypes of peel pods of lima bean for ruminant feeding, based on chemical composition as well as fermentation and in situ degradation kinetic characteristics. The chemical constituents were considered discriminatory variables in the first analysis, while the parameters of rumen degradation kinetics and effective degradability (ED 2%h-1) of dry matter were considered in the second analysis. Was adopted the cluster analysis according to the Tocher optimization approach, considering the average Euclidian distance matrix of characters to evaluate the dissimilarity among the genotypes. It was verified the formation of seven heterogeneous groups, highlighting the acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) as most impactful variables for grouping in the first analysis, contributing with 41.7 and 29.3%, respectively, while in the second analysis, the soluble fraction degradation rate accounted for 38.7 and 28.0%, respectively. The chemical constituents CP and ADF and the kinetic parameters of ruminal degradation soluble fraction (fraction a), degradation rate (c) and potentially degradable fraction (fraction b) of the DM, are efficient to identify the nutritional divergence of pod shells lima bean genotypes based on multivariate analysis. Considering the parameters adopted to form a pool by Tocher´s method, the lima bean genotype 123, present efficient effective degradation and degradation rate compatible with the tropical forage, and better nutritive value and forage potential than pod shells of the other lima bean genotypes.

The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic variability of Anglo-Nubian goats using microsatellite markers. The study was conducted using herds from four municipalities of Central-Northern Piauí (Teresina, José de Freitas, Campo Maior, and Angical), where technical information is scarce. Seven markers suggested by FAO were used (ILSTS11, McM527, INRA23, ETH10, OarfCB304, OarfCB48, and MAF209). The samples were genotyped using a 7% polyacrylamide gel. The average number of alleles per locus was 4.0, with observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.38 and 0.55, respectively. Few deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed for each population. Only two loci deviated significantly in two localities. The coefficient of gene differentiation (GST') indicated that 11.9% of the genetic variation was distributed among populations, and according to the coefficient of inbreeding (GIS = 0.23 and FIS = 0.23), there is a deficiency of heterozygotes within populations. These findings corroborate the Bayesian analyses performed with the STRUCTURE software, which revealed three distinct and moderately structured groups. The graphic analysis showed that Teresina and José de Freitas are isolated groups, while Angical and Campo Maior share most of their alleles. Despite this, the level of diversity among herds was low. Based on this genetic structure, exchange of reproducers among municipalities is recommended for the maintenance of the breed.

The aim of this study was to compare the genetic diversity of 12 populations of goats in Brazil and Morocco (n = 796) through the use of physical measurements and different multivariate techniques. Traits measured included wither height (WH), distance from the brisket to the ground (BH) and ear length (EL). The standardized Euclidean distance (D) was adopted. The D values were submitted to clustering analysis using hierarchical methods (from nearest neighbor and UPGMA - Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) and the numbers of clusters were analyzed using the Tocher optimization method. The population clustering was different depending on the method of analysis used. Among the hierarchical methods, UPGMA showed the best fit (CCC = 0.82). The Tocher method enabled the formation of four different clusters. Although the hierarchical and Tocher methods resulted in different cluster formations, both contributed to the interpretation of the genetic cluster divergence. The results obtained through UPGMA and Tocher optimization enable their use for future studies that may include a larger number of biometric variables on greater numbers of individuals and additional populations.

The aim was to analyze variation in 12 Brazilian and Moroccan goat populations, and, through principal component analysis (PCA), check the importance of body measures and their indices as a means of distinguishing among individuals and populations. The biometric measurements were wither height (WH), brisket height (BH) and ear length (EL). Thorax depth (WH-BH) and the three indices, TD/WH, EL/TD and EL/WH, were also calculated. Of the seven components extracted, the first three principal components were sufficient to explain 99.5% of the total variance of the data. Graphical dispersion by genetic groups revealed that European dairy breeds clustered together. The Moroccan breeds were separated into two groups, one comprising the Drâa and the other the Zagora and Rhâali breeds. Whereas, on the one side, the Anglo-Nubian and undefined breeds were the closest to one another the goats of the Azul were observed to have the highest variation of all the breeds. The Anglo-Nubian and Boer breeds were similar to each other. The Nambi-type goats remained distinct from all the other populations. In general, the use of graphical representation of PCA values allowed to distinguish genetic groups.